Test Quick Guide

Mycoplasma genitalium (Mgen) is a sexually transmitted bacterium that can cause infections of the genital and urinary tracts. Testing for Mgen most often uses a urine sample or a genital swab to detect the bacteria’s genetic material through a highly sensitive method called nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT).

Mgen infections are common but often overlooked because they may cause mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur, they can resemble those of other sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Mycoplasma genitalium is spread through sexual contact. Untreated infections can lead to complications, including persistent urethritis in men and cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. Because Mgen is not included in standard STD testing panels, a specific test is required.

About Our Mycoplasma Genitalium Test

Purpose of the test

Mycoplasma genitalium testing is used to detect an active Mgen infection and to guide appropriate treatment.

Testing may be performed for several reasons:

  • Screening for Mgen: Identifies infection in people who have symptoms or who are at risk based on sexual history
  • Diagnosing Mgen infection: Confirms whether Mgen is the cause of urethritis, cervicitis, or persistent genital symptoms
  • Guiding treatment: Helps determine the most appropriate antibiotic therapy, particularly when symptoms continue after other STI treatments

Because Mgen is not routinely tested for during standard screening, targeted testing is often needed when symptoms persist after negative chlamydia and gonorrhea tests.

What does our Mycoplasma genitalium test measure?

Testing for Mycoplasma genitalium looks for the genetic material of the bacteria in a urine or swab sample.

Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT):
The preferred and most accurate method for detecting Mgen is NAAT testing. This molecular test identifies DNA from the bacteria and can detect even small amounts of the organism. NAAT testing is far more reliable than older culture methods, which are rarely used because Mgen is difficult to grow in a laboratory.

Unlike many other STI tests, there is no blood test for Mycoplasma genitalium. Accurate diagnosis requires a urine sample or a swab collected from the urethra, vagina, or cervix.

When should I get a Mycoplasma genitalium test?

Testing for Mycoplasma genitalium may be recommended if you have symptoms of a genital infection or if other STI tests have been negative but symptoms continue.

You may benefit from Mgen testing if you experience:

  • Painful or burning urination
  • Urethral discharge
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Pelvic pain
  • Bleeding after sex
  • Persistent genital symptoms that did not improve after treatment for chlamydia or gonorrhea

A healthcare provider may also recommend testing if you have a sexual partner who has been diagnosed with Mgen.

Routine screening for people without symptoms is generally not recommended at this time because many infections are mild and because Mgen can be resistant to common antibiotics. Testing is typically reserved for individuals with symptoms or specific risk factors.

Finding a Mycoplasma Genitalium Test

How to get tested

Mycoplasma genitalium testing is commonly ordered by a doctor and performed in a medical office, clinic, or laboratory. Testing requires either a urine sample or a genital swab collected by a healthcare professional.

For laboratory testing, samples are sent to a lab for NAAT analysis. In many cases, the test can also be ordered online through approved testing services.

Can I take the test at home?

At-home Mycoplasma genitalium tests are available and typically involve collecting a urine sample or a self-collected genital swab that is mailed to a laboratory for analysis.

If an at-home test result is positive, it is important to follow up with a healthcare provider to discuss appropriate treatment and partner notification. You may also consider broader STD testing if you are unsure about other potential exposures.

How much does the test cost?

The cost of Mycoplasma genitalium testing depends on where the test is performed and whether you have health insurance. When ordered by a healthcare provider, testing is often covered by insurance, though copays and deductibles may apply.

If you do not have insurance, many clinics and testing services offer affordable options. Local health departments may also provide low-cost STI testing.

Taking a Mycoplasma Genitalium Test

Testing for Mycoplasma genitalium is performed using a urine sample or a genital swab.

At-home testing requires carefully following the instructions provided in the test kit.

Before the test

No special preparation is usually needed. You may be asked to avoid urinating for one to two hours before providing a urine sample.

During the test

Depending on the method used, the test may involve:

  • Providing a urine sample
  • Having a swab taken from the urethra, vagina, or cervix

The process is quick and typically causes little or no discomfort.

After the test

There are no restrictions on normal activities after sample collection.

FAQs About a Mycoplasma Genitalium Test

What should I do if I think I’ve been exposed to Mycoplasma genitalium?

If you believe you may have been exposed to Mgen, testing is the best way to determine whether you are infected. Contact a healthcare provider to discuss whether testing is appropriate, especially if you have symptoms or a partner who tested positive. You may also want to consider comprehensive STD testing.

How and when will I receive my test results?

Results from a Mycoplasma genitalium test are typically available within a few business days. If testing was ordered by a doctor, results may be shared through a follow-up visit, phone call, or patient portal. At-home test results are generally delivered through the testing company’s online system.

What does a positive Mycoplasma genitalium test mean?

A positive result means that Mgen bacteria were detected and that you have an active infection. Treatment with specific antibiotics will be needed, and recent sexual partners may (I would eliminate may) also need to be notified and tested.

What happens if I test positive for Mycoplasma genitalium?

If your test is positive, your healthcare provider will prescribe appropriate treatment. Mgen can be resistant to some commonly used antibiotics, so follow-up testing or alternative medications may be recommended if symptoms continue.

Can a negative test rule out Mycoplasma genitalium completely?

A negative result generally means no infection was detected. However, if testing is done very soon after exposure, bacteria may not yet be present at detectable levels. If symptoms persist, repeat testing may be advised.